Under a brilliant early morning Arizona sky, NASA conducted a successful, record-breaking test of a drogue parachute being designed to return next-generation space vehicles safely to Earth.
The 77,000-pound payload used in the test was dropped from the back of a U.S. Air Force C-17 at an altitude of 25,000 feet, setting a record for the heaviest single load ever extracted out of a C-17 during flight. NASA conducted the drop test, April 14, at the U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground near Yuma, Ariz.
The design load limit test will provide engineers with a better understanding of the full structural capabilities of the drogue parachute, currently under development for the Ares launch vehicles. The 68-foot-diameter drogue and all test hardware functioned properly and landed safely.
The 77,000-pound payload used in the test was dropped from the back of a U.S. Air Force C-17 at an altitude of 25,000 feet, setting a record for the heaviest single load ever extracted out of a C-17 during flight. NASA conducted the drop test, April 14, at the U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground near Yuma, Ariz.
The design load limit test will provide engineers with a better understanding of the full structural capabilities of the drogue parachute, currently under development for the Ares launch vehicles. The 68-foot-diameter drogue and all test hardware functioned properly and landed safely.
NASA drogue parachute drop test at the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground. Image credit: U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground
"Testing of a deceleration system is a very complicated process," said Ron King, Ares I first stage deceleration subsystem manager for the Ares Projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "All elements must work together in a carefully timed sequence to ensure a successful test. Through continued development and fine-tuning of the recovery system, our team is establishing a solid foundation for safe, reliable payload recovery."
The test team is managed by the Marshall Center and included engineers with ATK Space Systems near Promontory, Utah, the prime contractor for the first stage booster and United Space Alliance -- ATK's subcontractor, responsible for design, development and testing of the parachutes at its facilities at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
The test team is managed by the Marshall Center and included engineers with ATK Space Systems near Promontory, Utah, the prime contractor for the first stage booster and United Space Alliance -- ATK's subcontractor, responsible for design, development and testing of the parachutes at its facilities at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
The 68-foot-diameter drogue parachute and jumbo dart used for NASA's load limit test functioned properly and landed safely. Image credit: U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground
This was the second in a series of three planned load limit tests designed to place the loads expected in flight on the parachute canopy. The next test series, called overload tests, will subject the parachute canopy to loads greater than what would typically be experienced in flight, to prove the parachute is strong enough to survive some degree of unexpected events.
A load limit test, as the name implies, pushes the parachute’s canopy to its designed limit -- supporting a 450,000-pound opening dynamic load, or force in pounds exerted on the parachute generated by the drag and pull of the parachute when it opens. The primary test objective was to deploy or open the parachute at a dynamic pressure of 420 pounds per square foot, simulating the opening load conditions the drogue parachute will experience when it is deployed to slow the rapid descent of the rocket's spent first-stage motor.
The complete motor recovery system consists of the pilot parachute, drogue parachute and three main parachutes. Similar to those used for the space shuttle boosters, these parachutes have been redesigned to accommodate larger, more powerful motors that will travel faster and fall from a higher altitude than the shuttle boosters.
A load limit test, as the name implies, pushes the parachute’s canopy to its designed limit -- supporting a 450,000-pound opening dynamic load, or force in pounds exerted on the parachute generated by the drag and pull of the parachute when it opens. The primary test objective was to deploy or open the parachute at a dynamic pressure of 420 pounds per square foot, simulating the opening load conditions the drogue parachute will experience when it is deployed to slow the rapid descent of the rocket's spent first-stage motor.
The complete motor recovery system consists of the pilot parachute, drogue parachute and three main parachutes. Similar to those used for the space shuttle boosters, these parachutes have been redesigned to accommodate larger, more powerful motors that will travel faster and fall from a higher altitude than the shuttle boosters.
All systems were go as engineers conducted last-minute checks in preparations for NASA's drogue parachute test. Image credit: NASA
The drogue parachute is the workhorse of the parachute recovery system, providing the initial deceleration and taking the brunt of impact as it slows the rapid descent of the rocket's spent first-stage motor.
As the test series progresses, engineers perform three classifications of testing: development, design load and overload. Each level of testing is intended to test the performance of the new parachute design with payloads of different size and weight, under varying conditions.
As the test series progresses, engineers perform three classifications of testing: development, design load and overload. Each level of testing is intended to test the performance of the new parachute design with payloads of different size and weight, under varying conditions.
The jumbo dart used as part of the Ares I parachute test is loaded into the back of a U.S. Air Force C-17. Image credit: NASA
The U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground provides the test range, support facilities and equipment to NASA for parachute testing. The U.S. Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., provided the C-17 test aircraft and crew.
For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/H10-134.html
117 comments:
(2a)...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... a light´s beam that rotates is not a light´s beam that rotates... if it would be 1 only beam even the infinitesimal centrifugal force from gyration perhaps would break the beam launching tangentially its photons at straight line, as the stone of a sling loop that breaks. The arriving light (radiation) from a gyratory pulsar star is something seemed, the same than gyratory laser pointer from horizon to horizon 180º in 1 second, each beam that exits from a gyratory source is an independent light´s ray with limited length that only goes away in straight line: source on, beam starts; source turns, that beam finishes, is off, and starts-on another beam in the new direction... Photon, its mass "is believed" that is zero, but is the Photon´s Mass impacting against the future Space-Sail that produces the Transfer of Linear Momentum (mass*speed), the impulse... Photon, "relativistic" mass M = E/c²... constant h=6.626*10^-34 joules-sec... v, frequency e.g. red light=4*10^14 Hz... that photon energy E = h*v; E = (6.626*10^-34) * (4*10^14); E = 2.6504*10^-19 joules * (6.24*10^18 eV)=1.6538 eV... c=3*10^8 m/s, that photon MASS M = E/c²; M = (2.6504*10^-19) / (9*10^16); M = 2.944889*10^-36 kg... that photon "relativistic" Mass ~29 ten-sextillionth of kg ______ 4 semicircular-Screens, if it would be 1 only beam, infinitesimal centrifugal Force ((N=kg*m/s², we do reference to g-Earth in any Universe place, for that also on the Moon kilograms force=Newtons/9.8)) in kgf (kp) from that Photon, according to huge centrifugal G (kgf=kg*number of g´s)... radius Earth→screens, 1: 95493 km (96,105,971g)=2.8*10^-28 kgf (~28 hundred-thousand-quadrillionth of kgf)... 2: Moon 384,403 km (386,870,541g)=1.1*10^-27 kgf (~11 ten-thousand-quadrillionth of kgf)... 3: Sun, 1.5*10^8 km (150,962,873,002g)=4.4*10^-25 kgf (~44 hundred-quadrillionth of kgf)... 4: Andromeda, 1.9*10^19 km (913,135,316,143,368g)=2.7*10^-21 kgf (~27 ten-thousand-trillionth of kgf)... When source turns, each individual laser mark on the semicircular-screen (L=3.14*r) has zero speed, do not moves, arrives and it vanishes, such as a light-bulbs row that they go being on and off one after another, from the first to the last hyperluminal speed, but is Not the speed of a mobile because there is Not any mobile.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (katherine Coleman Lowe ,,,"Goble" "Johnson" the unique Hallelujah that it is to listen changing its meaning is the Handel with Mozart´s arrangements)... the anglo-american daughters still have another vindication silenced by religion: Surname Father + Surname Mother... sons too, or the Mothers do not count in their Right to put her surname to her daughters and sons. Women besides suffer the religious-imposes-humiliation lose her surname each time that get married and "change" to the her husband, how if woman could be a merchandise of his property doing Lose to Wife as Person Her Identity, something impossible that husband could accept for himself; multicredos-religious humiliating to the women how religious can, deceiving to Innocents with religion-tale. Women Intelligent and Innocents so accustomed by the religious to down the sight that to her the trees prevent to see the forest, incapables to see the lie that religion is. USA thanksgiving?, forever and ever "blessing" the table?... professional-religious out from the World once and for all
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without "God bless to the United States of America")... and to the rest of the World that crack to it a ray... Only USA cans do this: leave to be USA and take the lead of Union World without nations, without wars and without frontiers (only cities) with 1 only World Government, 1 only Idiom, 1 only Army, 1 only Anthem and 1 only Earth Flag, admitting in Equality in UW to all countries that also want leave to be it and go away together toward the Immortal Future without gods religion "blesses" nor tales, instead of continue wasting the time raising barriers and with the demented religious-patriots assail-Congresses who make a country in which the house of the president is called the "white" house... Come on to the Future, and goodbye UN... Hello UW...
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Katherine Coleman Lowe ,,, "Goble" "Johnson", the "girl" math genius who went across the History Doors for enter in the Legend)... her teachers to the parents when still she was a prodigy child: "in all my years of teaching I´ve never seen a mind like the one your daughter has, you have to go, you have to see what she becomes...", "tell me where you want that it fall on the ocean and I will tell you from where you have that launching it", she said to the NASA scientists when the first astronauts, to who were go the life in it, did say "let´s get the girl to check the numbers"... "The little airplane that fell from sky", nobody knew why then, she discovered and demonstrated mathematically that was been the vortexes of tip-wings from a big airplane that was preceded to it flying some higher, that turbulence from other tip-wings made that little plane would crash. And till today that Aeronautics knows it that Katherine discovered (the newspaper gave the news let alone her name as author). But as she was woman and black, they merit adjudicated to her department in chief and she was let as an assistant. And so many discoveries and orbit calculations that she made for do go and return with security to the Apollo program of the Moon, she carried to them literately of her hand. To Katherine Johnson they requested the Moon and she do not stepped back, with little more than a pencil, a slide rule and an incipient data processing, that she had that verify, traced with precision the trajectories that woul permit the landing... "NASA never will forget her enthusiasm indomitable spirit and leadership, and the achievements that we do not could have reached without her"... "the Frenet trihedron, the orthogonalization algorithm I prefer it over Euclidean coordinates", wonderful Analytic Geometry, branch of the Geometry that represents geometric figures, flats or tridimensional, through equations and situates them in the coordinates axes x,y,(z)... Katherine and the elliptical orbits "10,000 cosine calculations": e, eccentricity >0 and <1; e=cos B/cos a... ellipse, if it is defined as closed curve of intersection of a plane that cuts to a cone without pass by its vertex nor its base; a, angle of the cone between its axis and generatrix; B, angle >a and <90º between the plane and axis or height of the cone... The exact point go/no go when still had not formula for know where it was, because would be her who would invent it: "...looks at the problem numerically and not theoretically...Euler´s method..." (was not the same fall on anywhere place of the steppe when Yuri asked to that amazed old woman was where a phone to call and would come recover to him, that have a ship just aside)... "Katherine have a got at it"...the Katherine´s answer: "the point go/no go of the reentry, that is to pass from the elliptical orbit to this exact parabolic trajectory, with this latitude and longitude of capsule fallen on the ocean, give up ot take 52 km²"... "I like her numbers", said Glenn, "if she says they´re good I´m ready to go"... (When someday a functionary went to ask chief for those works, this said "look you speak with Katherine because in reality she makes almost all"). Do not find strange in a country where its religious presidents say that of "God bless to the United States of America" (and to the rest of the World that crack to it a ray). Although belated, finally from 2015 recognition of NASA and nation: Presidential Medal Freedom, and in Langley "Center Katherine G. Johnson", and Gold Medal of Congress. (Her scientific publications: Wikipedia Katherine Johnson (12)... Legendary Mathematician Katherine Coleman Lowe: Honor and Glory Eternals... Already must have in the Universe one star called Katherine.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (over 30 UFOs)... 05-06-2021, 22:30 h, they come from SW and go away toward NE... apparent size as stars, in orbital trajectory over 30 UFOs white light dots equal than tenuous Sun reflected on satellites, but with the luminosity that is sighted the Deneb star, in an Indian row equidistance maintaining in a perfect straight line all them at equal velocity as satellites ~28,000 km/h, seen from Earth Surface they go slowly and separated among them at an angle A ~3º: orbital height Adjacent Side AB supposing 300 km, Opposite Side BC, Hypotenuse AC; cos A=AB/AC; 0.9986=300/AC; AC=300/0.9986; AC=300.42 km; AC²=AB²+BC²; BC²=AC²-AB²; BC=SQR (300.42²-300²); BC=15.88 km... Over 30 Spacecrafts on Earth orbit in an Indian row separated 15 km among them toward NE (the next night already they did not pass)... where did come they from and where did go they... What would be that?...Space Drones.
News: are not UFOs, is a publicist invention of that one millionaire of the car on orbit, have light for on/off, and Starlink for Internet.
...viaje interestelar constante aceleración (la salud por el ajo y el limón)... DIARIO: jubilación, si gran Aritmética Operación a lápiz y papel hacer puede ser evitar Alzheimer (lo que no se usa se pierde) y si además un Libro de Ciencia y se aprende cada día una línea, o una palabra, y recitar todas las anteriore más la nueva, se aprenderá todo el Libro y después más Libros toda la vida (ej. Katherine Johnson, cerebro genera más neuronas nuevas incluso a 80 años edad)... Limón fina cáscara pelando (para evitar dar "cera" pulir "cera", a cítricos les echan tóxicos fungicidas "ceras" conservantes, tiabendazol prochloraz, que los ponen brillantes; teniéndose que desaprovechar cáscara, what a pity...pero si LIMÓN es de cultivo natural ORGANIC only wash and ENTERO CON su beneficiosa CÁSCARA amarilla)) con guata blanca dejando y Limón a la batidora con 1 Lt de Agua templada en ayunas "2 horas" antes de desayunar, un trago aceite olica v.e. (en agua para que ácido aceite cuerdas vocales no afecte)... Zanahoria Sol y 100 grs de uvas-pasas >6 horas hidratadas en 1 Lt de Leche Desnatada (de grasa saturada nada); niñas y niños Leche Entera; nueces, levadura cerveza, sin sol muchos días suplemento vit. D, y demás alimentos total "100 grs" Proteína (de 1.5 a 2 grs x kilo peso), en salud si duelen tendones-músculos-huesos No es prematura vejez, es que No Toma suficiente Proteína, Calcio y vitamina... Obesidad, comer 1 sola vez al día en la cena, el resto del día agua, naranjas y otro Lt de Leche Desnatada, dejar el coche y mucha bicicleta carril bici, No pasar frío. Antes de levantarse 4x50 Abdominales son fundamentales. Ejercicio Cuerpo y Mente Sana. Naranja Manzana
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (marine ghost wave)... it would form, besides sum little waves, por la Cizalladura entre Dos Fuertes Corrientes Marinas que de repente cambian de dirección Enfrentándose, la fricción entre moléculas de agua que chocan de frente provoca el súbito alzamiento de la rarísima ola fantasma aun hasta 30 mts de altura, detectadas ya por satélites. Fricción contra fondo costa, ola normal y de tsunami; fricción de cizalladura entre corrientes oceánicas, Ghost Wave wall of water que aparece en el frente de colisión y desaparece a continuación naufragando, con fuerza max al romper la ola, barcos enormes (München) "sin explicación"... Habría que poder detectarr esas repentinas corrientes de agua enfrentadas, remolinos oceánicos, y avisar con antelación a navegación:
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without religion, without patriots)...to be a patriot is not a virtue so a criminal defect. Malditos sean los criminales patriotas rusos, chinos, trumpistas y demás congéneres que solo aspiran a defender "sus intereses nacionales", la "gran" rusia donde gastan el PIB en armas para amenazar al Mundo mientras mucha de sus gentes no tienen alcantarillado ni agua corriente ni calefacción, en vez de unirse ya de una vez a la Comunidad Mundial y remar todos juntos aunando valías towards a World in Peace and Justice finally.
...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (fricción molecular)... eso es la Fricción en primera y última instancia, interacción de fuerzas electromagnéticas entre moléculas. La malla de electrones orbitales que las recubre hace que, si están separadas, al chocar de forma natural hasta una determinada fuerza las moléculas reboten, 2H2 + O2 (sin más no pasa nada) = 2H2 + O2)... si se induce un choque más violento de ese límite se altera la composición de las moléculas y hay transformaciones químicas, 2H2 + O2 (+ chispa=boom) → 2H2O. La Tierra vista desde Júpiter, la Luna parece unida pero al acercarse Tierra y Luna son ínfimas en comparación con el inmenso espacio vacío que las separa. Eso es la Materia, sobre todo espacio vacío, moléculas con sus átomos de núcleos atómicos con sus protones y posibles neutrones, por aquí, unos electrones en órbita por allá y las Fuerzas Electromagnéticas (fotones) actuando a traves del relativo inmenso espacio vacío. Fricción entre dos objetos = fuerzas electromagnéticas entre las mallas de electrones orbitales de los átomos de sus moléculas.
...viaje interestelar constante aceleración (la salud por el ajo y el limón)... Fibra: un postre, 2 Plátanos muy maduros con Cáscara, lavar trocear y a la Batidora con 3 cms de leche desnatada, o yogur, y una cucharada de leche en polvo desnatada y algo de miel; recién batido todo, tomar con cuchara.
(Revista SciELO Analytics: "Antimicrobial effect of the quitosano and rind of orange in the treatment of waste water. --- ... Demostrando que la cáscara de naranja potencializa la actividad antibacteriana del quitosano y... , la cáscara de naranja compuesta de celulosa, pectina, hemi-celulosa, lignina, pigmentos de clorofila, y otros hidrocarburos de bajo peso molecular que tienen grupos hidroxilo hace que sea sorbente de muchos contaminantes. Posee componentes bioactivos, considerados efecto beneficioso salud; especialmente en compuestos fenólicos y polifenólicos que exiben actividades antibacterianas y antioxidantes... ...al contenido de polifenoles, en especial tipo C6-C3- C6 (Flavonoides, flavonas, isoflavonas); que serían los responsables de la actividad antibacteriana encontrada. Los polifenoles componentes abundantes en cáscaras de naranja; tienen funciones de defensa en la planta, como agentes antimicrobianos, protección contra herbívoros y radiación." ...)
...viaje interestelar constante aceleración (la salud por el ajo y el limón)... Obesidad y en general NO comer 1 sola vez al día sino distribuir el total en varias veces a lo largo del día y en la cena casi nada habitualmente, con salud normal un día es un día, porque a esa hora ya sin apenas ejercicio físico no se gasta la energía de los alimentos y el exceso de carbohidratos se transforma en Grasa Aumentando los Triglicéridos en sangre: gotas de grasa que obstruyen los capilares...tejidos que no reciben suficiente alimento ni oxígeno... y con el tiempo si no se corrige infarto y fin. Antes el elástico organismo va avisando con tiempo: hormigueos, pesadez y dolor en los brazos.
...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (Tierra dentro de 500 M de años)... al principio el Sol fusionando su Hidrógeno, temperatura suya, cuanto + H fusiona, + Helio se produce que al ser más pesado se va concentrando en el centro aumentando densidad, presión y temperatura del núcleo, más presión y temperatura provoca aumento fusión de H y fuerza expansiva, para no aplastarse por la mayor contracción gravitatoria de un núcleo cada vez más denso la estrella empieza cada vez a fusionar más H que antes acelerando su fin, aumentando así progresivamente su temperatura durante unos miles de millones de años hasta casi el fin del H en el núcleo que implosiona y empieza a los 10^8 ºC a fusionar el He: fuerte convección turbulenta que deshace la hasta ahora ordenada atmósfera terminando la etapa de gigante roja... y entonces ya otra historia...antes durante la secuencia principal con el paso del tiempo el Sol cada vez a + ºC...
...la joven Venus (diosa griega) que en los primeros 2000 Millones de años era como la Tierra (Gea diosa griega) una volcánica aspirante quizá con océanos a jardín paraíso, que no podía ser por su lento girar y por tanto débil campo magnético insuficiente protector del viento solar, que recibe asfixiante temperatura y se convierte en el sulfúrico infierno actual... Dentro de 500 Millones de años el Sol fusionando más H y más brillante luminosidad, muy alta temperatura en Tierra, extremas sequías o inundaciones, unos millones de años más y agua que se evapora, gran aumento de vapor de agua atmosférico con su efecto invernadero, más y más temperatura y vapor/calor, cada vez menos plantas y menos oxígeno, fin de la vida... Para entonces Humanidad ya con Enorme Progreso Científico-Tecnológico que es exponencial: cuanto más se progresa más rápido se progresa, para Emigrar donde quiera: a los Exo-planetas, o también dentro de 5500 Millones de años aquí mismo en el Sistema Solar a la para entonces alejada franja habitable "ricitos de oro"... Titán... a salvo de peligrosa cercanía, límite de Roche, a Saturno...
Cuando estés en el espacio aproximándote al punto de inserción orbital en Marte y el ordenador de abordo vaya cantando... "1 minuto para el punto de inserción orbital, 30 segundos, 10 segundos..." entonces es cuando te acordarás bien de Katherine Johnson.
...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (Universal Union)... UU... las naciones y los nacionalistas y los patriotas tienen que quedar en el pasado como algo malo y superado. ¿O es que la Humanidad va a ir a los Exoplanetas con una bandera nacionalista cualquiera?, en vez de la Bandera Definitiva acordada por un Mundo de territorios adheridos a la UU con 1 solo Gobierno Mundial y 1 solo Idioma.
...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (memoria inmortal)... al fallecimiento en el momento oportuno extraen la Cabeza del cuerpo, el resto del cuerpo al funeral. Congelan la Cabeza y la envían por avión a la empresa de Crionización, previo contrato, en USA. Congelados no se siente el paso del Tiempo. Si algún día dentro de "mil años" pueden extraer la MEMORIA del cerebro y grabarla en un dispositivo electrónico... Ya disponible también para entonces el 3d-Bioprinting de Cuerpos Enteros: tu Memoria-Genes-Foto al nuevo joven perfecto Cuerpo Bioimpreso y...pero...si soy yo cuando tenía 18 años...y aún así recuerdo toda mi vida en el anciano cuerpo anterior... Que regalo sería volver a despertar ya Inmortal para Siempre.
La Memoria está en las neuronas cerebrales, pero ¿de qué está hecha, tienen que estar vivas las neuronas para intentar recuperarla? Nada se sabe aún.
(2)...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (memoria inmortal)... la Memoria ¿de qué está hecha?... Quizás... impulsos nerviosos de entrada al cerebro llevando la información llegan a las neuronas, en ellas esos impulsos eléctricos producen algunas moléculas de substancias bioquímicas específicas que se van asentando en sus bancos de memoria, cuando esa información es requerida de nuevo "el sistema" busca a esas moléculas específicas que producirían determinados impulsos eléctricos y llevan ese recuerdo todas las veces que sea requerido de nuevo a la consciencia... Así podría irse apilando poco a poco en los bancos de memoria neuronales la información, conocimientos, estudios académicos, experiencias de toda la vida... "ORP Descubren como se fijan los recuerdos en el cerebro"...
"Instituto Karolinska Logran crear neuronas electrónicas que se comunican con las naturales".
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